DSpace-CRIS Universidad Ruiz de Montoya

The objective of the research is to produce biofertilizers and Phyto stimulants from human waste by anaerobic fermentation with efficient microorganisms and the addition of lens culinaris. Method The dry fecal mass was treated by anaerobic fermentation using efficient bacteria microorganisms: phototrophic, lactic acid, sawdust, and Lens Culinaris in a medium of pH 5.8 to 7.9 and temperature 22 to 65 ℃. The research level is descriptive and explanatory, with a quantitative approach applied. Results From the bio digestible pathogen-free mixture, biofertilizer with micro- and macronutrients (g/kg) has been obtained: total nitrogen 10.5; NH4 2.03; phosphorus 1.76; potassium 87.5; and the liquid Phyto stimulant containing (ng/g): Indole acetic acid 8.5; gibberellin 7.2; tryptophan 28; auxins 422. Conclusions The pretreatment of samples with calcium oxide, composting with EM at pH 6.6 at 24 ℃, and anaerobic fermentation generated the liquid biofertilizer and bio stimulant in the absence of fecal coliforms (E. coli).

How can we individually and collectively demonstrate greater care and responsibility for what happens in our global context and in higher education? This chapter will describe Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) experiences between two Jesuit universities, the Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya in Lima, Peru and Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. With a focus on global citizenship and access to international education, this teaching and learning experience will address the best practices, which included collaboration, increasing global knowledge, development of intercultural competence, and relationship-building.

This article summarizes an overview of the current situation of geoscience education in Peru. This brief scrutiny highlights the difficulties and needs when teaching Earth Sciences as part of geoscientific literacy in Peruvian society. Geoscience is an important component in school curricula in Peru, however, the lack of training and preparation of teachers in Geoscience is an obstacle to achieving its full implementation. At the undergraduate level, there is a strong focus on content and a need to increase the focus on the teaching and metacognition experience of the students. Finally, some reflections and possible solutions are discussed, in particular the synergic action of the geoscientific community and the introduction of geoethics in undergraduate courses as tools to promote geoscientific learning coupled with civic awareness.

Peru and especially the capital, Lima, is one of the principal destinations for Venezuelan migrants. This migratory phenomenon has made this urban space more diverse, dynamic, and complex, in a context in which Lima often operated as a place of exclusion for different groups. At the same time that the Venezuelan population arrived in Peru, a national migration policy began to emerge that sought to respond to immigration from a human rights perspective. This policy underwent numerous changes and setbacks in a very short time. Although the asylum legislation provides guarantees, few Venezuelan are recognized as refugees and there have been a series of restrictions on the right to asylum over the last year. Without a comprehensive urban policy that includes the migrant population, municipal authorities have reacted to these new migration patterns in various and sometimes contradictory ways. This chapter aims to analyze these local policies with respect to the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion of the migrant population in the city of Lima through the lens of national migration and asylum policies.

La política indigenista de educación en el Perú de la segunda mitad del siglo XX delegó a los maestros la tarea de asimilar a la población campesina quechuahablante dentro de los cánones de la llamada "cultura moderna". Para ello los maestros debían efectuar una doble negociación al momento de desempeñar sus funciones en las aulas: por un lado, estos requerían construir su autoridad como representantes y transmisores de la cultura letrada oficial frente a las comunidades andinas; por otro, era necesario persuadir a las autoridades del sector de la pertinencia de sus métodos en la consecución de los objetivos establecidos por la política educativa. El estudio de la metodología y de los discursos subyacentes en la enseñanza de la lectura y escritura permite arrojar luz sobre esta dinámica. Esta investigación propone un análisis retórico de estos discursos, centrándose en las propuestas de enseñanza de lectoescritura a través géneros literarios y de técnicas de composición escrita expuestas en las tesis de las maestras de la Escuela Normal Nuestra Señora de Lourdes de Ayacucho en los años 60. Se identificará las estrategias discursivas empleadas para negociar la distancia entre los actores de la enseñanza y de qué manera se regulaba la identidad y la diferencia entre los mismos. Asimismo, se podrá reconocer las estrategias argumentativas y razonamientos elaborados por los maestros para persuadir acerca de la operatividad de sus propuestas educativas. Este análisis contribuirá a esclarecer cómo las directivas educativas eran interpretadas, adaptadas y transmitidas por los maestros rurales a fin de que puedan ser validadas en función de las aspiraciones de las poblaciones campesinas.

The diagnosis of Peru’s national system of innovation shows that in practice it lacks the necessary conditions for having a significant impact on inclusive development. Although some components are in place and a few advances are visible, the system’s elements are dispersed, and the low priority given to innovation, science and technology policies has relegated this system to second or third place in national priorities. In contrast, social inclusion is an explicit objective of public policy, which has began to organise the interactions between central, regional and local government authorities. However, during recent years there has been a growing recognition that science, technology and innovation can generate greater inclusion. Initiatives by government agencies, private firms, civil society organisations and academic institutions have proven that innovation helps reduce exclusion. Peru has had more than ten years of continuous economic growth and it is showing signs that this is likely to continue for at least another decade. Changes in the composition of the population have benefited the country with a demographic dividend resulting in the lowest dependency ratio in recent history and for 20 years to come. This provides a favourable context for promoting social inclusion and ecosystem sustainability. After a brief review of the direction science, technology and innovation are taking in Peru, we offer a conceptual scheme that is useful to examine inclusive development policies, before presenting some ideas on how innovation can contribute to inclusion.

El presente estudio analiza el impacto de las crisis macroeconómicas en el sector agropecuario del Ecuador. La metodología emplea una regresión econométrica vectorial que permite identificar los canales de trasmisión de las crisis financieras y económicas hacia el desempeño del sector, en el periodo 2008-2020. En este contexto, se plantea dos posibles escenarios para entender la evolución del sector en los próximos años. Los principales resultados indican que el PIB nacional, las exportaciones y el financiamiento en el largo plazo impactan directamente en el crecimiento del sector agropecuario, mientras que, en el corto plazo tan solo el PIB y el comercio internacional influyen negativamente en el sector. Por otra parte, solo el financiamiento presenta una relación directa. Finalmente, los escenarios planteados no arrojan un pronóstico muy alentador dado las constantes variaciones abruptas que impiden su continua recuperación, determinando la sensibilidad del sector ante fallos en el sistema económico.

We present an analysis of a stratigraphic profile located in the southeast zone of the Maranga Archaeological Complex (lower Rímac Valley). The evidence gathered allows for a precise chronological placement of occupation in this sector between AD 620 and 780. We also analyze the geomorphology related to human occupation, including the alluvial events associated with its abandonment. Finally, we analyze a pollen column that suggests a semiarid ecosystem altered by the Maranga settlement.